各种模板
Handezheng · · 个人记录
板子大集
快读 和 快写
inline void read(int &x){//快读
int f = 1;
x = 0;
char s = getchar();
while(s < '0' || s > '9') {
if(s == '-') f = -1;
s = getchar();
}
while(s >= '0' && s <= '9') {
x = x * 10 + s - '0';
s = getchar();
}
x *= f;
}
inline void write(int x){//快写
if(x < 0){
putchar('-');
x = -x;
}
if(x > 9) write(x / 10);
putchar(x % 10 + '0');
return ;
}基础算法
高精度（感谢丁神的高精板子）
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
namespace CommonlyIO {
typedef long long ll;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
#define x first
#define y second
#define sz(a) a.size()
#define lowbit(x) (x & -x)
#define debug(x) cout << #x << ':' << x << endl
#define VI vector<int>
#define all(a) a.begin(), a.end()
#define rep(i, c, n) for (int i = c; i <= n; ++i)
#define per(i, c, n) for (int i = c; i >= n; --i)
#define w(x) while (x--)
#define db double
#define pb(x) push_back(x)
#define gc() getchar()
} // namespace CommonlyIO
using namespace CommonlyIO;
struct uinT : public vector<int> {
const static int mod = (int)1e7;
const static int wei = 7;
uinT() {}
uinT(int t) : vector<int>(1, t) {}
uinT(vector<char> s) {
for (int i = s.size() - 1; i >= 0; i -= wei) {
int t = 0;
for (int j = max(0, i - wei + 1); j <= i; ++j) {
t = (t * 10 + (s[j] - '0'));
}
push_back(t);
}
}
int const& operator[](const int n) const {
return (n < size()) ? *(cbegin() + n) : (int const&)0;
}
int& operator[](const int n) { return *(begin() + n); }
friend void input(uinT& a) {
vector<char> s;
char c = gc();
while (!isdigit(c))
c = gc();
while (isdigit(c))
s.push_back(c), c = gc();
a = uinT(s);
}
friend void output(const uinT& a) {
printf("%d", a.back());
for (int i = a.size() - 2; i >= 0; --i) {
printf("%0*d", wei, a[i]);
}
}
friend bool operator==(uinT const& a, uinT const& b) {
if (a.size() != b.size())
return 0;
for (int i = 0; i < a.size(); ++i)
if (a[i] != b[i])
return 0;
return 1;
}
friend bool operator!=(uinT const& a, uinT const& b) { return !(a == b); }
friend bool operator<(uinT const& a, uinT const& b) {
if (a.size() != b.size())
return a.size() < b.size();
for (int i = a.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
if (a[i] != b[i])
return a[i] < b[i];
}
return 0;
}
friend bool operator>(uinT const& a, uinT const& b) { return b < a; }
friend bool operator<=(uinT const& a, uinT const& b) {
if (a.size() != b.size())
return a.size() < b.size();
for (int i = a.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
if (a[i] != b[i])
return a[i] < b[i];
}
return 1;
}
friend bool operator>=(uinT const& a, uinT const& b) { return b <= a; }
friend uinT operator+(uinT const& a, uinT const& b) {
uinT c = a;
c.resize(max(a.size(), b.size()) + 1);
for (int i = 0; i < b.size(); ++i) {
c[i] += b[i];
if (c[i] >= mod) {
c[i] -= mod;
c[i + 1] += 1;
}
}
for (int i = b.size(); i < c.size() - 1; ++i) {
if (c[i] >= mod) {
c[i] -= mod;
c[i + 1] += 1;
}
}
if (c.back() == 0)
c.pop_back();
return c;
}
friend uinT operator-(uinT const& a, uinT const& b) {
uinT c = a;
for (int i = 0; i < b.size(); ++i) {
c[i] -= b[i];
if (c[i] < 0) {
c[i] += mod;
c[i + 1] -= 1;
}
}
for (int i = b.size(); i < c.size(); ++i) {
if (c[i] < 0) {
c[i] += mod;
c[i + 1] -= 1;
} else
break;
}
while (c.size() > 1 && c.back() == 0)
c.pop_back();
return c;
}
friend uinT operator*(uinT const& a, uinT const& b) {
if (a == 0 || b == 0)
return 0; //!
vector<ll> t(a.size() + b.size());
for (int i = 0; i < a.size(); ++i) {
for (int j = 0; j < b.size(); ++j) {
t[i + j] += 1ll * a[i] * b[j];
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < t.size() - 1; ++i) {
t[i + 1] += t[i] / mod;
t[i] %= mod;
}
if (t.back() == 0)
t.pop_back();
uinT c;
c.resize(t.size());
for (int i = 0; i < t.size(); ++i) {
c[i] = (int)t[i];
}
return c;
}
friend uinT operator/(uinT const& a, uinT const& b) {
if (a.size() < b.size())
return 0;
uinT c, d;
c.assign(a.end() - b.size() + 1, a.end());
for (int i = a.size() - b.size(); i >= 0; --i) {
c.insert(c.begin(), a[i]);
ll t = (c.size() > b.size())
? (1ll * c.back() * mod + *(c.crbegin() + 1))
: (c.back());
int l = (t / (b.back() + 1));
int r = ((t + 1) / b.back());
while (l < r) {
int mid = (l + r + 1) >> 1;
if (b * mid <= c)
l = mid;
else
r = mid - 1;
}
c -= b * l;
if (c.back() == 0)
c.pop_back();
d.push_back(l);
}
reverse(d.begin(), d.end());
if (d.size() > 1 && d.back() == 0)
d.pop_back();
return d;
}
friend uinT operator%(uinT const& a, uinT const& b) {
return a - a / b * b;
}
friend uinT const& operator+=(uinT& a, uinT const& b) { return a = a + b; }
friend uinT const& operator-=(uinT& a, uinT const& b) { return a = a - b; }
friend uinT const& operator*=(uinT& a, uinT const& b) { return a = a * b; }
friend uinT const& operator/=(uinT& a, uinT const& b) { return a = a / b; }
friend uinT const& operator%=(uinT& a, uinT const& b) { return a = a % b; }
};
struct bigint {
bool f;
uinT t;
bigint() : f(0) {}
bigint(int t) : f(t < 0), t(uinT(abs(t))) {}
bigint(bool f, uinT t) : f(f), t(t) {}
friend void input(bigint& a) {
a.f = 0;
vector<char> s;
char c = gc();
for (; !isdigit(c); c = gc())
if (c == '-')
a.f = 1;
while (isdigit(c))
s.push_back(c), c = gc();
a.t = uinT(s);
}
friend void output(const bigint& a) {
if (a.f)
putchar('-');
output(a.t);
}
friend bigint abs(bigint const& a) { return bigint(0, a.t); }
friend bool operator==(bigint const& a, bigint const& b) {
return (a.f == b.f) && (a.t == b.t);
}
friend bool operator!=(bigint const& a, bigint const& b) {
return !(a == b);
}
friend bool operator<(bigint const& a, bigint const& b) {
if (a.f != b.f)
return a.f;
return a.f ? a.t > b.t : a.t < b.t;
}
friend bool operator>(bigint const& a, bigint const& b) { return b < a; }
friend bool operator<=(bigint const& a, bigint const& b) {
if (a.f != b.f)
return a.f;
return a.f ? a.t >= b.t : a.t <= b.t;
}
friend bool operator>=(bigint const& a, bigint const& b) { return b <= a; }
friend bigint operator-(bigint const& a) { return bigint(!a.f, a.t); }
friend bigint operator+(bigint const& a, bigint const& b) {
if (a.f == b.f)
return bigint(a.f, a.t + b.t);
else if (a.t > b.t)
return bigint(a.f, a.t - b.t);
else if (a.t < b.t)
return bigint(b.f, b.t - a.t);
else
return 0;
}
friend bigint operator-(bigint const& a, bigint const& b) {
if (a.f == b.f) {
if (a.t > b.t)
return bigint(a.f, a.t - b.t);
else if (a.t < b.t)
return bigint(!a.f, b.t - a.t);
else
return 0;
} else
return bigint(a.f, a.t + b.t);
}
friend bigint operator*(bigint const& a, bigint const& b) {
if (a == 0 || b == 0)
return 0;
return bigint(a.f ^ b.f, a.t * b.t);
}
friend bigint operator/(bigint const& a, bigint const& b) {
return bigint(a.f ^ b.f, a.t / b.t);
}
friend bigint operator%(bigint const& a, bigint const& b) {
return bigint(a.f, a.t % b.t);
}
friend bigint const& operator+=(bigint& a, bigint const& b) {
return a = a + b;
}
friend bigint const& operator-=(bigint& a, bigint const& b) {
return a = a - b;
}
friend bigint const& operator*=(bigint& a, bigint const& b) {
return a = a * b;
}
friend bigint const& operator/=(bigint& a, bigint const& b) {
return a = a / b;
}
friend bigint const& operator%=(bigint& a, bigint const& b) {
return a = a % b;
}
};
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;
const ll INFll = 9223372036854775807;
const double PI = 3.1415926;
#define getchar() \
(tt == ss && (tt = (ss = In) + fread(In, 1, 1 << 20, stdin), ss == tt) \
? EOF \
: *ss++)
char In[1 << 20], *ss = In, *tt = In;
namespace Fastio {
struct Reader {
template <typename T>
Reader& operator>>(T& x) {
x = 0;
short f = 1;
char c = getchar();
while (c < '0' || c > '9') {
if (c == '-')
f *= -1;
c = getchar();
}
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
x = (x << 3) + (x << 1) + (c ^ 48), c = getchar();
x *= f;
return *this;
}
Reader& operator>>(double& x) {
x = 0;
double t = 0;
short f = 1, s = 0;
char c = getchar();
while ((c < '0' || c > '9') && c != '.') {
if (c == '-')
f *= -1;
c = getchar();
}
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9' && c != '.')
x = x * 10 + (c ^ 48), c = getchar();
if (c == '.')
c = getchar();
else {
x *= f;
return *this;
}
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
t = t * 10 + (c ^ 48), s++, c = getchar();
while (s--)
t /= 10.0;
x = (x + t) * f;
return *this;
}
Reader& operator>>(long double& x) {
x = 0;
long double t = 0;
short f = 1, s = 0;
char c = getchar();
while ((c < '0' || c > '9') && c != '.') {
if (c == '-')
f *= -1;
c = getchar();
}
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9' && c != '.')
x = x * 10 + (c ^ 48), c = getchar();
if (c == '.')
c = getchar();
else {
x *= f;
return *this;
}
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
t = t * 10 + (c ^ 48), s++, c = getchar();
while (s--)
t /= 10.0;
x = (x + t) * f;
return *this;
}
Reader& operator>>(char& c) {
c = getchar();
while (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r')
c = getchar();
return *this;
}
Reader& operator>>(char* str) {
int len = 0;
char c = getchar();
while (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r')
c = getchar();
while (c != ' ' && c != '\n' && c != '\r')
str[len++] = c, c = getchar();
str[len] = '\0';
return *this;
}
Reader& operator>>(string& str) {
str.clear();
char c = getchar();
while (c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\r')
c = getchar();
while (c != ' ' && c != '\n' && c != '\r')
str.push_back(c), c = getchar();
return *this;
}
Reader& operator>>(bigint& a) {
input(a);
return *this;
}
Reader& operator>>(__float128& x) {
x = 0;
__float128 t = 0;
short f = 1, s = 0;
char c = getchar();
while ((c < '0' || c > '9') && c != '.') {
if (c == '-')
f *= -1;
c = getchar();
}
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9' && c != '.')
x = x * 10 + (c ^ 48), c = getchar();
if (c == '.')
c = getchar();
else {
x *= f;
return *this;
}
while (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
t = t * 10 + (c ^ 48), s++, c = getchar();
while (s--)
t /= 10.0;
x = (x + t) * f;
return *this;
}
Reader() {}
} cin;
const char endl = '\n';
struct Writer {
const int Setprecision = 6;
typedef int mxdouble;
template <typename T>
Writer& operator<<(T x) {
if (x == 0) {
putchar('0');
return *this;
}
if (x < 0)
putchar('-'), x = -x;
static short sta[40];
short top = 0;
while (x > 0)
sta[++top] = x % 10, x /= 10;
while (top > 0)
putchar(sta[top] + '0'), top--;
return *this;
}
Writer& operator<<(const bigint& n) {
output(n);
return *this;
}
Writer& operator<<(__float128 x) {
if (x < 0)
putchar('-'), x = -x;
mxdouble _ = x;
x -= (__float128)_;
static short sta[40];
short top = 0;
while (_ > 0)
sta[++top] = _ % 10, _ /= 10;
if (top == 0)
putchar('0');
while (top > 0)
putchar(sta[top] + '0'), top--;
putchar('.');
for (int i = 0; i < Setprecision; i++)
x *= 10;
_ = x;
while (_ > 0)
sta[++top] = _ % 10, _ /= 10;
for (int i = 0; i < Setprecision - top; i++)
putchar('0');
while (top > 0)
putchar(sta[top] + '0'), top--;
return *this;
}
Writer& operator<<(double x) {
if (x < 0)
putchar('-'), x = -x;
mxdouble _ = x;
x -= (double)_;
static short sta[40];
short top = 0;
while (_ > 0)
sta[++top] = _ % 10, _ /= 10;
if (top == 0)
putchar('0');
while (top > 0)
putchar(sta[top] + '0'), top--;
putchar('.');
for (int i = 0; i < Setprecision; i++)
x *= 10;
_ = x;
while (_ > 0)
sta[++top] = _ % 10, _ /= 10;
for (int i = 0; i < Setprecision - top; i++)
putchar('0');
while (top > 0)
putchar(sta[top] + '0'), top--;
return *this;
}
Writer& operator<<(long double x) {
if (x < 0)
putchar('-'), x = -x;
mxdouble _ = x;
x -= (long double)_;
static short sta[40];
short top = 0;
while (_ > 0)
sta[++top] = _ % 10, _ /= 10;
if (top == 0)
putchar('0');
while (top > 0)
putchar(sta[top] + '0'), top--;
putchar('.');
for (int i = 0; i < Setprecision; i++)
x *= 10;
_ = x;
while (_ > 0)
sta[++top] = _ % 10, _ /= 10;
for (int i = 0; i < Setprecision - top; i++)
putchar('0');
while (top > 0)
putchar(sta[top] + '0'), top--;
return *this;
}
Writer& operator<<(char c) {
putchar(c);
return *this;
}
Writer& operator<<(char* str) {
int cur = 0;
while (str[cur])
putchar(str[cur++]);
return *this;
}
Writer& operator<<(const char* str) {
int cur = 0;
while (str[cur])
putchar(str[cur++]);
return *this;
}
Writer& operator<<(string str) {
int st = 0, ed = str.size();
while (st < ed)
putchar(str[st++]);
return *this;
}
Writer() {}
} cout;
} // namespace Fastio
using namespace Fastio;
#define cin Fastio::cin
#define cout Fastio::cout
#define endl Fastio::endl
#define __int128 bigint矩阵（取模）
int mod = ;//模数自己设
struct Matrix{
int n,m;
int a[205][205];
inline void init(){ memset(a,0,sizeof a); }
inline void init_I(){
init();
F(i,1,min(n,m)) a[i][i]=1;
}
inline friend void operator = (Matrix &a,Matrix b){
a.n=b.n,a.m=b.m;
F(i,1,a.n) F(j,1,a.m) a.a[i][j] = b.a[i][j];
}
inline friend Matrix operator + (Matrix a,Matrix b){
Matrix c; c.init();
c.n=a.n, c.m=a.m;
F(i,1,c.n) F(j,1,c.m) c.a[i][j] = (a.a[i][j] + b.a[i][j]) % mod;
return c;
}
inline friend Matrix operator - (Matrix a,Matrix b){
Matrix c; c.init();
c.n=a.n, c.m=a.m;
F(i,1,c.n) F(j,1,c.m) c.a[i][j] = (a.a[i][j] - b.a[i][j]) % mod;
return c;
}
inline friend Matrix operator * (Matrix a,Matrix b){
Matrix c; c.init();
c.n = a.n, c.m = b.m;
F(i,1,c.n) F(j,1,c.m) F(k,1,a.m)
c.a[i][j] = (c.a[i][j] + a.a[i][k] * b.a[k][j]) % mod;
return c;
}
inline friend bool operator == (Matrix a,Matrix b){
if(a.n!=b.n || a.m!=b.m) return 0;
F(i,1,a.n) F(j,1,a.m) if(a.a[i][j] != b.a[i][j]) return 0;
return 1;
}
inline friend bool operator != (Matrix a,Matrix b){ return !(a==b); }
inline friend void operator += (Matrix &a,Matrix b){ a=a+b; }
inline friend void operator -= (Matrix &a,Matrix b){ a=a-b; }
};线性筛（带了欧拉函数和莫比乌斯函数）
int prm[N], tot;
int phi[N], mu[N];
inline void ola(){
F(i,2,N-50){
if(!p[i]){
prm[++tot] = i;
phi[i] = i-1;
mu[i] = -1;
}
for(int j=1; j<=tot && i*prm[j]<=N-50; j++){
p[i] = true;
if(i%prm[j]){
phi[i*prm[j]] = phi[i] * phi[prm[j]];
mu[i*prm[j]] = -mu[i];
}else{
phi[i*prm[j]] = phi[i] * prm[j];
mu[i*prm[j]] = 0;
break;
}
}
}
}快速幂
inline int fast_power(int x,int p){
//求x的p次方
int ans = 1;
while(p){
if(p % 2) ans = ans * x % mod;
x = x * x % mod;
p /= 2;
}
return ans;
}建图——邻接表的连边
无边权
int tot,head[N],ver[N],nxt[N];
inline void add(int x,int y){
ver[++tot] = y;
nxt[tot] = head[x];
head[x] = tot;
}有边权
int tot,head[N],ver[N],nxt[N],d[N];
inline void add(int x,int y,int z){
ver[++tot] = y;
nxt[tot] = head[x];
head[x] = tot;
d[tot] = z;
}图论
DSU 并查集
int dsu[N];
inline int find(int x){//查找根节点
return dsu[x] == x ? x : dsu[x] = find(dsu[x])
}
inline void merge(int x,int y){//合并两棵树
int xx = find(x), yy = find(y);
dsu[xx] = yy;
}
inline bool union_find(int x,int y){//查找两个节点是否在同一棵树上,即根节点是否相同
return find(x) == find(y);
}MST 最小生成树
Kruskal
int n,m;
int dsu[M];
struct edge{
int u,v,val;
}a[N];
inline int find(int x){
return (x == dsu[x]) ? x : dsu[x] = find(dsu[x]);
}
inline void merge(int x,int y){
int xx = find(x),yy = find(y);
dsu[xx] = yy;
}
inline bool cmp(edge a,edge b){
return a.val < b.val;
}
signed main(){
sort(a + 1,a + m + 1,cmp);
int cnt = 0,ans = 0;
F(1,i,m){
if(find(a[i].u) != find(a[i].v)){
cnt ++;
ans += a[i].val;
merge(a[i].u,a[i].v);
}
if(cnt == n - 1) break;
}
cout << ans;
return 0;
}数论
拓展欧几里得
inline int exgcd(int a,int b,int &x,int &y){
if(b == 0){
x = 1,y = 0;
return a;
}
int x2,y2;
int d = exgcd(b,a % b,x2,y2);
x = y2，y = x2 - a / b * y2;
return d;
}字符串算法
Trie 字典树
int idx,tr[N][70],cnt[N];
char c[N];
inline int gt(char c){
if(c>='A'&&c<='Z') return c-'A';
if(c>='a'&&c<='z') return c-'a'+26;
else return c-'0'+52;
}
inline void insert(char c[]){
int len=strlen(c),p=0;
F(i,0,len-1){
int t=gt(c[i]);
if(!tr[p][t]) tr[p][t]=++idx;
p=tr[p][t];
cnt[p]++;
}
}
inline int find(char c[]){
int len=strlen(c),p=0;
F(i,0,len-1){
int t=gt(c[i]);
if(!tr[p][t]) return 0;
p=tr[p][t];
}
return cnt[p];
}最小表示法
inline string get_min_expression(string s){
int k=0,i=0,j=1,n=s.size();
while(i<n && j<n && k<n){
if(s[(i+k)%n] == s[(j+k)%n]) k++;
else{
s[(i+k)%n]>s[(j+k)%n] ? i+=k+1 : j+=k+1;
if(i==j) i++;
k=0;
}
}
i=min(i,j);
return s.substr(i)+s.substr(0,i);
}树形数据结构
Treap 无旋平衡树
struct Treap{
#define ls (tr[rt].l)
#define rs (tr[rt].r)
struct treap{
int l, r;//表示其左右儿子的结点编号
int val, rnd;//BST的权值与heap的值
int siz;//以其为根的子树的结点个数
}tr[N];
int root = 0, n = 0;
//分别代表根和数的个数
inline void newnode(int v){
tr[++n].val = v;
tr[n].rnd = rng();
tr[n].siz = 1;
}//新增一个结点
inline void pushup(int rt){
tr[rt].siz = tr[ls].siz + tr[rs].siz +1;
}
inline void split(int rt, int v, int &x, int &y){
if(rt == 0){
x = y = 0;
return ;
}
if(tr[rt].val <= v){
x = rt;
split(rs, v, rs, y);
}else{
y = rt;
split(ls, v, x, ls);
}//极其重要！极其巧妙！
pushup(rt);
}
inline int merge(int x, int y){
if(!x || !y) return x+y;
if(tr[x].rnd < tr[y].rnd){
tr[x].r = merge(tr[x].r, y);
pushup(x);
return x;
}else{
tr[y].l = merge(x, tr[y].l);
pushup(y);
return y;
}
}//基本操作：分裂与合并
inline void insert(int v){
int x, y;
split(root, v, x, y);
newnode(v);
int z = n;
root = merge(merge(x, z), y);
}//插入结点
inline void del(int v){
int x, y, z;
split(root, v, x, z);
split(x, v-1, x, y);
y = merge(tr[y].l, tr[y].r);//若y有子树,合并(保留)其子树
root = merge(merge(x, y), z);
}//删除结点
inline int rank(int v){
int x, y;
split(root, v-1, x, y);
int ans = tr[x].siz + 1;
root = merge(x, y);
return ans;
}//查找排名
inline int topk(int rt, int k){
int lsz = tr[ls].siz;
if(k == lsz+1) return tr[rt].val;
if(k <= lsz) return topk(ls, k);
return topk(rs, k - lsz - 1);
}//查询第k小的数
inline int get_pre(int v){
int x, y;
split(root, v-1, x, y);
int ans = topk(x, tr[x].siz);
root = merge(x, y);
return ans;
}//查找前驱
inline int get_suc(int v){
int x, y;
split(root, v, x, y);
int ans = topk(y, 1);
root = merge(x, y);
return ans;
}//查找后继
}T;Splay 平衡树
struct Splay{
int rt=0,tot=0;
struct tree{
int s[2]; //s[0]表示左儿子,s[1]表示右儿子
int siz,val;
int fa;
}tr[N<<1];
#define fa(x) tr[x].fa
#define ls(x) tr[x].s[0]
#define rs(x) tr[x].s[1]
inline void pushup(int x){ tr[x].siz = tr[ls(x)].siz+tr[rs(x)].siz+1; }
inline void clear(int x){ tr[x].siz=fa(x)=ls(x)=rs(x)=tr[x].val=0; }
inline bool get(int x){
return rs(fa(x))==x;
}//返回 0 表示左儿子，返回 1 表示右儿子
inline void newnode(int val){
clear(++tot);
tr[tot].val = val;
tr[tot].siz=1;
}
inline void ronate(int x){
int c = get(x), y = fa(x), z = fa(y);
if(tr[x].s[!c]) fa(tr[x].s[!c]) = y; //若有与自身左右不一样的儿子，则"过继"至原父亲
tr[y].s[c] = tr[x].s[!c];
tr[x].s[!c] = y; fa(y) = x; //原父亲成为儿子
fa(x) = z; //原儿子成为原先父亲的父亲的儿子
if(z) tr[z].s[(y==rs(z))] = x;
pushup(y), pushup(x);
}
inline void splay(int x){
while(fa(x)){
int y = fa(x);
if(fa(y)) ronate(get(x)==get(y) ? y : x); //若自身与父亲同向，则先旋转父亲以维护平衡性
ronate(x);
}
rt=x;
}//将某个非根节点旋转至根上
inline void insert(int val){
int now=rt, f=0;
while(now){
f = now;
now = tr[now].s[val > tr[now].val];
}//在二叉搜索树上寻找当前权值的节点应在的位置
newnode(val); //创建新节点
fa(tot) = f;
tr[f].s[val > tr[f].val] = tot; //将新创建的节点与其父亲连边
splay(tot); //将新节点旋转至根
}//插入新节点
inline void del(int val){
int now=rt,f=0;
while(now && tr[now].val != val){
f=now;
now = tr[now].s[val>tr[now].val];
}//根据权值，在二叉搜索树上寻找应删除节点的位置
if(!now){
splay(f);
return ;
}//若没有则旋转其父亲，并直接返回
splay(now);
int cur = ls(now);
if(!cur){ //若要删除的点没有左儿子
rt = rs(now); //右儿子为根
if(rt) fa(rt) = 0;
clear(now); //删除
return ;
}
while(rs(cur)) cur = rs(cur); //找到左子树中最右边的叶子
rs(cur) = rs(now);
if(rs(now)) fa(rs(now)) = cur; //右子树的根成为该叶子的儿子以维护二叉搜索树的性质
fa(ls(now)) = 0;
clear(now); //删除节点
pushup(cur);
splay(cur);
}//删除一个节点
inline int rhk(int val){
int res=1,now=rt,f=0;
while(now){
f = now;
if(tr[now].val<val){
res += tr[ls(now)].siz+1; //左子树上的点和当前点都比其小
now = rs(now);
}else now = ls(now);
}
splay(f);
return res;
}//查询某个数的 rank 值
inline int kth(int cnt){
int now=rt;
while(now){
int t = tr[ls(now)].siz+1;
if(t < cnt) cnt -= t, now=rs(now);
else if(t==cnt) break;
else now=ls(now);
}
splay(now);
return tr[now].val;
}//查询第 k 小的值
inline int pre(int val){
int res=0,now=rt,f=0;
while(now){
f=now;
if(tr[now].val>=val) now=ls(now);
else res=tr[now].val,now=rs(now);
}
splay(f);
return res;
}//查询前驱
inline int nxt(int val){
int res=0,now=rt,f=0;
while(now){
f=now;
if(tr[now].val<=val) now=rs(now);
else res=tr[now].val,now=ls(now);
}
splay(f);
return res;
}//查询后继
}T;